Hockey is a sport in which two teams play against each other by trying to manoeuvre a ball or a puck into the opponent's goal using a hockey stick.There are many types of hockey such as bandy, field hockey, ice hockey and rink hockey.

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In ice hockey, icing is an infraction when a player shoots the puck over the center red line and the opposing team's red goal line, in that order, and the puck remains untouched without scoring a goal.

It is not icing if the puck enters the goal, even if it was shot from behind the center line. If the puck crosses the goal line completely, the goal is counted.^[1][2]

Another major exception is that a short-handed team trying to eliminate a penalty (commonly known as a 'penalty kill') may legally 'ice the puck'. However, the opposing team on a power play must still follow the icing rules.

While an icing call is pending, the linesman raises an arm to indicate that a potential icing call may be made. If the icing is waved off, the official lowers his arm and gives the washout signal (extending both arms sideways from the body at shoulder height, similar to the 'safe' sign in baseball but typically delivered from a less-crouched or fully upright position).^{[citation needed]}

When icing occurs, a linesman stops play. Play is resumed with a faceoff in the defending zone of the attacking team, who committed the infraction. If there is a delayed penalty, it will happen at the attacking team's neutral spot. If the linesman erred in stopping play for icing, the faceoff is at the center face-off spot (unless there is a delayed penalty).

Variations[edit]

The icing rule has three variations:^{[citation needed]}

• touch icing
• no-touch or automatic icing
• hybrid icing

Touch icing[edit]

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In touch icing, a player on the opposing team other than the goaltender must touch the puck to cause the stoppage of play. If the puck is first touched by the goaltender or a player on the team that iced the puck, icing is waved off (canceled), and play continues. The icing rule can lead to high-speed races for the puck.

No-touch or automatic icing[edit]

In no-touch or automatic icing, play is stopped for icing when the puck crosses the goal line.

Hybrid icing[edit]

In hybrid icing, play is stopped for icing if the player on the opposing team reaches the faceoff dot first, instead of skating all the way across the goal line to touch the puck.

This type of icing is intended to reduce the number of collisions along the boards during touch icing, while still allowing the team that iced the puck to get to it first to wave off the icing. When the puck is shot around the end boards, travels down the ice and comes out the other end, the linesman judges who would have touched the puck first. If it's the defending player, he calls an automatic icing, but if it's the attacking player, he lets the play continue.^[4]

Exceptions[edit]

Icing is always waved off in the following situations:

• The team committing the icing is shorthanded, i.e. penalty killing (except under USA Hockey rules in competitions for 14-and-under age groups).
• The linesman believes a player on the opposing team (other than the goaltender) could have played the puck before it crossed the goal line.
• The puck enters the goal.
• The puck is iced directly from a player participating in a face-off.
• The goaltender leaves his goal crease and moves in the direction of the puck (except under USA Hockey rules).

History[edit]

Currently, most leagues (IIHF,^[5]National Hockey League,^[4]American Hockey League, NCAA college hockey, European professional leagues, and several minor North American leagues ECHL, Central Hockey League and SPHL) use hybrid icing. Most amateur leagues worldwide (such as USA Hockey^[6]) use no-touch or automatic icing.

The National Hockey League (NHL) introduced the icing rule in September 1937 to eliminate a common delaying tactic used by teams to protect a winning margin. A November 18, 1931 game between the New York Americans and Boston Bruins is cited as one extreme example that led to the ban on the practice.^[7] The Americans, protecting a 3–2 lead over the Bruins at Boston Garden, iced the puck over 50 times. The crowd became incensed and threw debris onto the ice, causing a delay while the teams were sent to their dressing rooms. When the teams met again that December 3 in New York, the Bruins iced the puck 87 times in a scoreless draw.^[8]

The rule was amended in June 1951 to state the icing infraction was nullified if the goaltender touched the puck. For the 1990–91 season, the league again amended the rule, stating the infraction was nullified if the puck passed through or touched the goal crease when the goaltender had been removed for an extra attacker.^[7] The NHL amended the rule a third time; icing was nullified if the goaltender moved towards the puck as it approached the goal line.

The 1970s-era World Hockey Association (WHA) never adopted the NHL rule of allowing shorthanded teams to ice the puck. In 2009, USA Hockey considered eliminating the shorthanded icing rule, having tested its elimination in Massachusetts and Alaska in the 2007-2009 seasons.^[9]

The IIHF adopted the no-touch icing rule after an incident in the Czechoslovak First Ice Hockey League in 1990, when Luděk Čajka, rushing to get to the puck in an icing situation, crashed into the boards, suffered severe spinal injuries, and died a few weeks later.

After some teams in need of a line change (player substitution) began deliberately icing the puck to stop play, and as part of a group of important rule changes following the 2004–05 NHL lockout, the NHL supplemented the icing rule prior to the 2005–06 season by not allowing the offending team to substitute players before the next faceoff, except to replace an injured player, when the goaltender must return to the net following an icing call.^[10] This change was made in an effort to speed up game play by reducing icing infractions, as well as to encourage teams to work the puck up the ice rather than taking the opportunity to rest their players. In some junior leagues (such as the WHL), the offending team is permitted to substitute players after an icing only if the puck was shot from the neutral zone (between the defensive blue line and the red line). If the violation occurs in the defensive zone, substitution is prohibited. Regardless, in all situations, if icing is called, and then a penalty is assessed that changes the on-ice strength of either team (from 5 on 5 to 5 on 4, et al.), the offending team may substitute.

The NHL began using hybrid-icing rules in the 2013–14 season, after several decades of using touch icing.^[4] The IIHF also switched to hybrid after the conclusion of the 2014 World Championship.^[5]

On June 13, 2017, USA Hockey adopted a rule change that eliminated the shorthanded icing exception. The rule change establishes that when a shorthanded team ices the puck a subsequent icing infraction will be enforced; play will stop and a face-off will occur in the offending team's zone. The rule change is effective starting with the 2017–18 regular season, impacting 14U and younger age groups.

Starting with the 2017–18 NHL season, offending teams are not allowed to take a timeout after an icing. In the 2019–20 NHL season a rule change allowed the offensive team to decide at which end zone dot they wished the face-off to be held following an icing ^[11] (intended to grant a positional advantage to teams stronger on a certain side).

See also[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Basic Ice Hockey Rules
2. ^SECTION 4 – PLAYING RULES – Page 45
3. ^Under USA Hockey Rules (Rule 624(c), if the Officials shall have erred in calling an “icing the puck” infraction (regardless of whether either team is shorthanded) a face-off shall occur not at center ice, but at the end zone faceoff spot nearest to the location of the puck when play was stopped. https://cdn2.sportngin.com/attachments/document/59e7-1650960/2017-21_USAH_Rulebook.pdf?_ga=2.207262554.899721225.1556063714-515831901.1556063713
4. ^ ^abc'Hybrid icing approved by players, will be in effect for 2013–14 season'. CBS Sports. September 30, 2013. Retrieved 2013-10-23.
5. ^ ^ab'New rules approved'. IIHF. May 24, 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-07-05. Retrieved 2014-07-18.
6. ^'Rule 624 Icing the Puck'. usahockeyrulebook.com. Retrieved 2019-01-12.
7. ^ ^abDuplacey 1996, p. 131.
8. ^Duplacey 1996, pp. 130–131.
9. ^'Icing Rule Ready For Heated Debate,' USA Hockey Magazine. Accessed 2010-02-07.
10. ^'A look at the NHL's new rules', NBC SportsArchived 2009-07-17 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 2009-05-18
11. ^NHL announces rule changes for 2019-20 season

Bibliography[edit]

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• Duplacey, James (1996). The Rules of Hockey. Dan Diamond And Associates. ISBN978-0920445440.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

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International hockey player register : la liste

Registre des internationaux de hockey sur glace : the list

This database will feature a detailed profile of every single player who took part to an elite international tournament from 1910 on. To achieve this, we’ve combed through the archives of all IIHF competitions (see the list below). Players’ individual stats are displayed except when they’re unavailable, which is seldom the case. Moreover, if a given player has taken part to a tournament of lesser prestige (such as the B-World Championships), we provide his stats recorded during this tourney as well. In addition, personal profiles are completed with biographical data and a short curriculum – written both in English and in French.

Whenever you find a mistake, or when you can bring additional information, photos about ice hockey history, missing autographs, please contact us (branchum@club-internet.fr)

Nous avons constitué LE registre des joueurs internationaux de ce sport. Sont appelés à y figurer sous forme de fiche détaillée, exclusivement mais sans exception, tous les joueurs ayant participé depuis 1910 à un tournoi international d'élite. Nous avons pour cela passé au peigne fin toutes les compétitions officielles reconnues par la Fédération internationale (voir la liste des abréviations en fin de page). Les statistiques personnelles des participants sont fournies chaque fois que possible, c’est-à-dire très souvent. En outre, si un joueur du registre a pris part à un Mondial de division inférieure, ses statistiques y seront également incluses. Chaque fiche est, dans la majeure partie des cas, complétée par des données biographiques et un portrait de l’homme et du joueur – disponible en anglais et en français.

Si vous détectez une erreur ou un problème de lien, ou si vous pouvez amener des informations complémentaires, des photos sur l'histoire du hockey ou des autographes manquants, n'hésitez pas à nous contacter (branchum@club-internet.fr)

Foreword

Making a hockey register of every player to dress in a major international tournament is of course a monumental task at every imagenative level. With so many countries involved it’s a delicate challenge to find relevant information, especially on players from lesser known countries or the very early years. What you are looking at is almost three decades of hockey research. Much of the early pre war stuff on players that can be find on the internet and in the yearly IIHF Guide and Record Book originates from this research.

With several thousands of players to cover it is of course impossible to find biographical or simply basic information on all of them, but it is an effort to give as many as possible their due respect, regardless of how small or big part they had on their teams. A project like this is a constant work in progress and will always improve over time as new information becomes available. Hopefully this will serve as a good starting point for any hockey fan who wants to learn a fact or two about recent and long forgotten heroes of the past, or just simply want to look up stats.

Having painstakingly gone through many newspapers, there has been an effort to collect all the known assists, penalty minutes, goals and games played, dating back to the very first European Championship held in Les Avants 1910. All the stats before the late 1950s are unofficial stats that have been put together through a meticulous review of local newspapers.

As with every project of this magnitude and volume of facts, errors will be present, but the objective is of course to keep them at a minimum. Some may for example wonder why there is no height or weight information available. This decision was based on the fact that there is too much unreliable data and variations in these categories, so it is a more honest approach to not include it, even though some measurements are given in the biographies if a player had notable physical parameters.

Thanks to Marc Branchu this player register will now be available on the internet and is the first one of its kind. Marc has been kind enough to provide space for this player register on his site which have been a wealth of information on French and world hockey for many years. Marc and several of his French colleagues have painstakingly been translating all the English text to French. Also, Marc’s expertise on mainly French players, but also other Europeans have been invaluable as he have corrected many errors and added great insight on players.

Merci Marc & the rest of the gang !

Patrick H
Sweden

'Elite' competitions :
WC - World Championships / Championnats du monde
OG - Olympic Games / Jeux olympiques
CC - Canada Cup / Coupe Canada
WCH - World Cup of Hockey / Coupe du monde
WSW - Winter Sport Woche (unofficial European Championships 1940 and 1941)
EC - European Championships / Championnats d'Europe
LIHG - Ligue International de Hockey sur Glace 1911-14 (more prestigious than the EC, because foreign players were allowed to participate)

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Stats detailed :